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The Cradle of Malay Language-A Tale of Two Islands
From the day the Portugese conquered Malacca, the role of a centre for Malay language and culture gradually shifted back to its place of birth in Riau.
It was like a twist of fate that pushed Riau into a more important political role as well after decades of obscurity as an appendage of the Malacca Sultanate.
And the tale begins with Bintan, a larger island in Riau.
Rise and Fall of Bintan
The royal fugitive Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca, not ready to give up on his kingdom, formed a resistance base in Bintan from which he managed to lay siege on Malacca but in vain. The Portugese attacked and defeated him in Bintan. He died an exile in Sumatra.
Mahmud Shah's son founded the Johore Sultanate, which came to cover the Riau archipelago as it grew into an empire. Bintan was once the capital of Johore.
But it was outsiders - Bugis aristocrats from Sulawesi-who made Bintan prosperous. The Bugis made use of an internal strife to become dominant in Johore, they developed Bintan into a powerful international trading port of the Malay language speaking world.
In fact, Bintan even became a competitor of its previous master Malacca and Jakarta which had come under control of Dutch colonists.
Clash of interests led into tensions between Dutch and Bugis, escalating into a warfare during which the Bugis hero Raja Ali fell in battle.
Eventually the Dutch took over Bintan along with Riau, spelling its decline.
Bintan Today
A visitor to Bintan observes two worlds on it.
" Bintan leads a double life...Bintan Resort...is a colony of Singapore in all but name, full of expensive resorts and manicured lawns," is the description of Wikitravel,"...Separated by checkpoints and armed guards, the southern half of the island is 'real' border town Indonesia,home to electronics factories, fishing villages, many prostitutes and some low-key beaches."
Under Indonesia's new autonomy law, Riau's allocation from the central government has increased tremendously. So theoretically, Bintan is no longer poor.
Besides, a legacy lives on.
Penyengat
Accessible by boat from Bintan is a small island called Penyengat, long time associated with the Bugis people and shrine of Raja Haji.
Raja Haji's story did not end with his death. The tale continues on Penyengat.
Raja Haji had a son, Raja Ahmad who was only 11 years old when he died. Raja Ahmad was a keen student of history and a poet. He drafted an epic of his Bugis ancestors involvement in the Malay world.
25 years after the death of Raja Haji, a son called Raja Ali Haji was born to Raja Ahmad. Raja Ali Haji grew up to be an accomplished historian and scholar who completed the epic drafted by his father. The result of this father and son's teamwork is Tuhfat al-Nafis, an invaluable source for history of Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra.
Lauded by Encyclopedia Britannica as one who "led a renaissance in Malay letters," Raja Ali Haji also produced his own literary writings which included the first grammar book on Malay language and his famous couplets.
A daughter of Raja Haji, Raja Hamidah became the fourth wife of the Sultan of Johore. Her royal husband presented her with Penyengat island as a wedding gift. She was an influential figure entrusted with the royal insignia which empowered her to enthrone the next Sultan.
In effect, Raja Haji's progeny made Penyengat island blossom into a centre of government, Islamic religion and Malay culture - long enough to contribute to the purest Malay language in Riau, leaving behind a legacy that the Dutch can never take away.
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Commercial Fluorescent Lighting
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For any business owner, you will need to light your workplace, but you do not want to have to pay the high costs of electric bills that can accompany the use of traditional incandescent light bulbs. One of the most cost effective methods of saving energy is to use commercial fluorescent lighting. Unlike incandescent, fluorescent lights use less energy, but they put out an equivalent amount of light. The electricity that they do use is not wasted in the production of heat as can be seen with other bulbs such as halogens or incandescent. By keeping your place of business lit without generating excess heat, which can lead to higher cooling costs, the use of commercial fluorescent lights will help to keep your bottom line down. There might be some misconceptions which could steer you away from choosing fluorescent lights. Among these are issues that were frequently seen in older generation lights. Twenty to thirty years ago, having fluorescent lights meant having to deal with several problems. While commercial fluorescent lighting then was the most energy efficient of lights, it was still very poor in color rendering. In fact, women in the 1980s were instructed to wear more red tones in their makeup than usual if they worked under fluorescent lights all day since the yellowish coloring of the light would make them look washed out otherwise. This coloring was due to the mixture of gases used in the bulbs. This formulation has been changed, so that now, even with commercial fluorescent lights, you can have bright, white light. Another problem with fluorescents of the past was their flickering. This is due to the way that these lights illuminate. In order to turn on, a fluorescent light excites the electrons of the gases inside the tube. These then light up. The amount of power going into the lamp is controlled by a ballast. In the past, the power would drop down to zero during operation causing a flicker and or hum. Modern bulbs have electronic high frequency ballasts which more evenly regulate the power, thus ridding the light of its flickering and humming. When you are looking for commercial fluorescent lighting, you need lights that are quick and easy to install, as well as offer ready access for bulb and ballast changes and repairs. This is true of all lighting for commercial applications whether it is for indoor or outdoor use. Keep in mind, that if you are in an area prone to freezing temperatures, you might need another type of light for your outdoor illumination since fluorescent lights do not operate well in very cold conditions. The type of fixture you choose will determine the ease of installation and access for future repairs. There are many commercial fluorescent lighting fixtures which do not require removal of the fixture itself in order to replace the bulbs or ballasts. The ballasts for the lights are very important as well. Look for high frequency electronic ballasts if you wish to avoid humming and flickering which can lead to increased fatigue and eyestrain for those working under such conditions. If you are ever unclear about what type of commercial fluorescent lights you need or how to install them, ask an expert's advice. There are many sources where you can get the right amount of guidance to help you choose and install your project on your own. Article Tags: commercial, light, lights
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